ESTIMATION OF MINERAL SAFETY INDEX IN THE WILD CRAB, CALLINECTES AMNICOLA: IMPLICATION FOR SEAFOOD QUALITY CONTROL

Abstract

The study investigated the mineral contents, ratios, and safety indices of the shell and flesh of Callinectes amnicola from Lagos Lagoon. Using a flame photometer, the mineral elements were determined, while ratios and safety index were calculated using standard formula. Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are predominantly concentrated in the shell (3799.07mg/100g and 34,675.35mg/100g respectively) compared to the tissue, reflecting their roles in structural integrity and exoskeletal formation. However, phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) also display higher concentrations in the shell (7821.83mg/100g and 3932.32mg/100g, respectively). Potassium (K) exhibits lower concentrations in both shell and tissue, indicating a relatively stable distribution (CV% = 55.88). The shell's overall mineral dominance (50,862.18mg/100g) highlights its biological and ecological roles.  The Ca/K ratio aligns with acceptable ranges, supporting a balanced relationship, while other ratios (Ca/Mg, Ca/P, Na/Mg) fall below ideal values, indicating deficiencies in calcium and sodium relative to magnesium and phosphorus. Sodium content significantly exceeds safety thresholds, with high calculated Mineral Safety Index in both shell and flesh, suggesting potential health risks if consumed excessively. Variability in mineral levels (CV% up to 126.40) is likely influenced by environmental and dietary factors. The study emphasizes the shell’s mineral enrichment for ecological functions and highlights concerns about mineral safety for human consumption, necessitating caution in dietary applications of C. amnicola.