Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Goat milk and its products are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence the raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animal and environment. In this study, the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of the isolates from105 raw milk samples collected from does in five goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total of 126 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtained from the samples. The Gramnegative isolates exhibited resistance toamoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrin (75.86%), sparfloxacin (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarivid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While the Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrin (42.65%), erythromycin (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of the isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contribute to the global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections associated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milk.