PREVALENCE OF SALMONELLA IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCT IN DUTSE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF JIGAWA STATE

Abstract

The study was conducted in Dutse, Jigawa State to determine the Prevalence of Salmonella in milk and milk products. A total of two hundred and forty (240) samples were collected using systematic sampling technique. The samples which composed of raw milk (n=80), nono (n=80) and fura (n=80) were collected from different locations in the study area. All the samples were collected in sterile bottles, keptin their original package, labelled and transported quickly as possible in ice box to the microbiology laboratory of Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse for the conventional identification of Salmonella. One milliliter (1ml) of each of the eighty (80) samples of fresh milk, nono and fura were used for serial dilution of 10-1 to 10-6 dilution factors. 10-2 dilution was inoculated into sterile petridishes prepared by manufacturer instructions and incubated at 370C for 24 hrs to observe for typical growth of salmonella. All samples that exhibited characteristic colonies of Salmonella were subcultured onto nutrient agar slants and then stored at 40C until required. Twenty-five (25 ml) of raw milk sample and also 25 grams of milk additives products were homogenized into 225 ml of 0.1% sterile buffered peptonewater and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. One ml of the homogenate was added aseptically to 9 ml of Rappaport Vassilliadis (RV) broth and kept overnight at 35°C. Isolated organisms with supporting growth characteristics of Salmonella were subjected to various biochemical tests. Data obtained during the study were summarized into tables using descriptive statistics. The result of the study showed that, higher prevalence of 5.80% was obtained for Salmonella from samples of fresh milk, followed by nunu that had 4.60% while fura was least with 3.80%. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in milk samples was found to be 14.20%. The study revealed an overall prevalence of salmonella in fresh milk to be 87.5%. 25%, 18.75%, 18.75%, 12.5% and 12.5% of the overall prevalence were recorded in behind road safety, Katangare, Gyabiya, behind house of assembly quarters and metropolis respectively. The mean coli form count of the milk and milk additives from the two hundred and forty (240) samples ranged from 3.95x106 in fresh milk to 5.51 x105 each in nono. There was prevalence of salmonella species in a higher proportion in raw milk and its products such as nono and fura in the study area. It was recommended that, there should be implementation of hygienic measures during milking and manufacturing of dairy products to minimize the risk of human infections with Salmonella.